Knowledge Vault · Inorganic

Colour of Compounds

Comprehensive colour reference for inorganic compounds, ions, precipitates, complexes, flame tests, borax bead tests, and qualitative analysis observations.

🎨 Colour of Compounds

168 compounds grouped by colour.

White

52

Pb(OH)₂·2PbCO₃

ZnCO₃·3Zn(OH)₂

Mg(OH)₂·4MgCO₃·6H₂O

Ag₂SO₃

AgNO₂ — White (crystalline)

CH₃CO₂Ag

HCO₂Ag

Ag₂C₂O₄

Hg₂Cl₂

CaC₂O₄

SrC₂O₄

BaC₂O₄

(HCO₂)₂Hg

AgCl

PbCl₂

PbBr₂

CuI

BaHPO₄

Mg(NH₄)PO₄

CaCO₃

SrCO₃

BaCO₃

AgCN

Pb(CN)₂

Cu(CN)

Cd(CN)₂

Zn₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂

K₂Fe[Fe(CN)₆]

Pb₃(PO₄)₂

Hg₂HPO₄

AlPO₄

Zn₃(PO₄)₂

Ba₃(PO₄)₂

Mg(OH)₂

K₂Ca[Fe(CN)₆]

KHC₄H₄O₆

(NH₄)HC₄H₄O₆

KClO₄

Zn[Hg(SCN)₄]

CuSCN

CuSO₄·H₂O — Bluish white

Ag₂S₂O₃

PbS₂O₃

HgS₂O₃

Bi₂(S₂O₃)₃

Cu₂S₂O₃

BaSO₄

PbSO₄

ZnS

Al(OH)₃

Zn(OH)₂

Mn(OH)₂

Yellow

27

CdS

AgI

PbI₂

AgBr — Pale yellow

Ag₃PO₄

HgSO₄·2HgO

SrCrO₄

BaCrO₄

PbCrO₄

K₂CrO₄ (CrO₄²⁻)

FePO₄

K₃[Co(NO₂)₆]

(NH₄)₃[Co(NO₂)₆]

K₂[PtCl₆]

(NH₄)₂[PtCl₆]

KZn[Co(CN)₆]

Cu(CN)₂

(NH₄)₃[P(Mo₃O₁₀)₄] — Canary yellow

Bi(C₆H₃O₃) (bismuth pyrogallate)

Fluorescein

PbO (Massicot)

ZnO (hot)

Ag₂CO₃ — Very light yellow

Hg₂CO₃

As₂S₃

As₂S₅

SnS₂

Black

16

Ag₂S

PbS

FeS

NiS

CoS

MnO(OH)₂

Hg (free metal)

Cu(SCN)₂

CuO

Ag₂O — Brownish black

BiI₃ — Brownish black

HgS

Hg + HgS

CuS

Cu₂S

Bi₂S₃ — Brownish black

Brown

11

HgO·Hg(NH₂)I — Brown

Fe(CN)₂ — Yellowish brown

Fe(CN)₃ — Reddish brown

Ag₂Cr₂O₇ — Reddish brown

Cu₂[Fe(CN)₆] — Chocolate brown

Fe[Fe(CN)₆] — Brown colouration

KI₃ — Dark brown

[Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ (solution) — Brownish yellow

SnS — Brown

HgCO₃·3HgO — Reddish brown

Fe(OH)₃ — Reddish brown

Red

15

Fe(SCN)₃ — Blood red

Fe(OH)₂(CH₃CO₂)

Fe(OH)₂(HCO₂)

[Mn(C₂O₄)₃]³⁻ — Red colouration

Ag₂CrO₄ — Brick red

Hg₂CrO₄ — Brick red

CrO₃ — Dark red (crystals)

HgI₂ — Scarlet red

Eosin (tetrabromofluorescein)

Ni(DMG)₂ — Rosy red

[Fe(dipy)₃]²⁺ — Red colouration

[Fe(C₁₂H₈N₂)₃]²⁺ — Red colouration

PbO (Litharge)

Cu₂O — Brick red

Tetrachromate (Cr₄O₁₃²⁻) — Dark red

Pink

6

CoCl₂·6H₂O

CoCl₂·4H₂O

Co(OH)₂

[Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (solution)

Mn₃(PO₄)₂

MnS — Buff / flesh

Orange

4

K₂Cr₂O₇ (Cr₂O₇²⁻)

Trichromate (Cr₃O₁₀²⁻) — Orange-red

[BiI₄]⁻ (solution) — Orange to yellow

Sb₂S₃

Green

11

Cu(OH)₂·CuCO₃

Hg₂I₂

[Cr(OH)₄]⁻ (solution)

Cu₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂

CoO·ZnO / Co[ZnO₂] (Rinmann's green)

Cr₂O₃

FeSO₄·7H₂O (green vitriol)

Cr(OH)₃

Fe(OH)₂ — Dirty green

Ni(OH)₂

Cl₂ (gas) — Greenish yellow

Blue

8

I₂ + starch — Deep blue

CuSO₄·5H₂O (blue vitriol)

CoCl₂ (anhydrous)

[Ni(NH₃)₆]²⁺ (solution) — Deep blue

Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ (Prussian blue)

Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂ (Turnbull's blue)

Cu(OH)₂

[Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ (solution) — Deep blue

Violet

4

[Ni(en)₃]S₂O₃ — Violet

Cu[Hg(SCN)₄]·Zn[Hg(SCN)₄] — Violet

CoCl₂·2H₂O — Red violet

MnO₄⁻ — Intense purple

Grey

1

Hg + HgO

Colourless

13

[HgS₂]²⁻ — Colourless

[PbI₄]²⁻ — Colourless

[HgI₄]²⁻ — Colourless

[Ag(CN)₂]⁻ — Colourless

[Cd(CN)₄]²⁻ — Colourless

[Cu(CN)₄]³⁻ — Colourless

[Cu(SCN)₄]³⁻ — Colourless

[FeF₆]³⁻ — Colourless

[Ag(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻ — Colourless

[Pb(S₂O₃)₂]²⁻ — Colourless

[Hg(S₂O₃)₂]²⁻ — Colourless

[Bi(S₂O₃)₃]³⁻ — Colourless

[Cu₆(S₂O₃)₅]⁴⁻ — Colourless

⚗️ Colours of Some of the First Row (Aquated) Transition Metal Ions

Aqueous ion colours — a separate quick-reference for the 3d series.

IonColour
Sc³⁺Colourless
Ti⁴⁺Colourless
Ti³⁺Purple
V⁴⁺Blue
V³⁺Green
V²⁺Violet
Cr³⁺Violet
Mn³⁺Violet
Cr²⁺Blue
Mn²⁺Pink
Fe³⁺Yellow
Fe²⁺Green
Co³⁺ / Co²⁺Blue-Pink
Ni²⁺Green
Cu²⁺Blue
Zn²⁺Colourless

🧪 Ion Colors (aqueous + hydroxide ppt)

Cu²⁺ — Blue

Cu(OH)₂ — blue ppt

Fe²⁺ — Pale green

Fe(OH)₂ — dirty green ppt

Fe³⁺ — Yellow / brown

Fe(OH)₃ — reddish-brown ppt

Ni²⁺ — Green

Ni(OH)₂ — green ppt

Co²⁺ — Pink

Co(OH)₂ — blue/pink ppt

Mn²⁺ — Pale pink

Mn(OH)₂ — white→brown ppt

Cr³⁺ — Green / violet

Cr(OH)₃ — green ppt

MnO₄⁻ — Intense purple

Cr₂O₇²⁻ — Orange

CrO₄²⁻ — Yellow

Cu²⁺ + NH₃ (excess) — Deep blue [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺

⚪ Carbonate Precipitates (with (NH₄)₂CO₃ / Na₂CO₃)

ReagentPrecipitateColour
CaCl₂CaCO₃ White
SrCl₂SrCO₃ White
BaCl₂BaCO₃ White
AgNO₃Ag₂CO₃ White (very light yellow)
Hg₂(NO₃)₂Hg₂CO₃ Yellow
HgCl₂HgCO₃·3HgO Reddish brown
ZnCl₂ZnCO₃·3Zn(OH)₂ White
Pb(OAc)₂Pb(OH)₂·2PbCO₃ White
MgCl₂Mg(OH)₂·4MgCO₃·6H₂O White
CuCl₂Cu(OH)₂·CuCO₃ Green

⚫ Group II — Thiosulfate (white) → Sulfide (black)

Ion (reagent)White ppt (S₂O₃²⁻)Black ppt (S²⁻)Clear solution
Ag⁺ (AgNO₃)Ag₂S₂O₃↓Ag₂S↓[Ag(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻
Pb²⁺ (Pb(OAc)₂)PbS₂O₃↓PbS↓[Pb(S₂O₃)₂]²⁻
Hg²⁺ (Hg(NO₃)₂)HgS₂O₃↓HgS↓[Hg(S₂O₃)₂]²⁻
Bi³⁺ (BiCl₃)Bi₂(S₂O₃)₃↓Bi₂S₃↓[Bi(S₂O₃)₃]³⁻
Cu²⁺ (CuSO₄)Cu₂S₂O₃↓Cu₂S↓[Cu₆(S₂O₃)₅]⁴⁻

🔥 Flame Test Colors

Na — Golden yellow

K — Lilac / violet

Li — Crimson red

Ca — Brick red

Sr — Crimson / scarlet

Ba — Apple / pale green

Cu — Blue-green

Cs — Blue / violet

Precipitate · Bead · Test Colours

🧫 Sublimate → H₂S Precipitate Colours

Sublimate saltPrecipitateColour
HgCl₂HgS Black
Hg₂Cl₂Hg + HgS Black
As₂O₃As₂S₃ Yellow
Sb₂O₃Sb₂S₃ Orange

🔵 Borax Bead Colours

MetalOxidising · hotOxidising · coldReducing · hotReducing · cold
Cr Yellow Green Green Green
Mn Violet Violet Colourless Colourless
Fe Yellowish brown Yellow Green Green
Co Blue Blue Blue Blue
Ni Violet Reddish brown Grey Grey
Cu Green Blue Colourless Opaque (red Cu)

Na₂CO₃ bead: green bead → Mn compound · yellow bead → Cr compound. Borax bead test is done only for coloured salts.